202 research outputs found
A High-Performance Triple Patterning Layout Decomposer with Balanced Density
Triple patterning lithography (TPL) has received more and more attentions
from industry as one of the leading candidate for 14nm/11nm nodes. In this
paper, we propose a high performance layout decomposer for TPL. Density
balancing is seamlessly integrated into all key steps in our TPL layout
decomposition, including density-balanced semi-definite programming (SDP),
density-based mapping, and density-balanced graph simplification. Our new TPL
decomposer can obtain high performance even compared to previous
state-of-the-art layout decomposers which are not balanced-density aware, e.g.,
by Yu et al. (ICCAD'11), Fang et al. (DAC'12), and Kuang et al. (DAC'13).
Furthermore, the balanced-density version of our decomposer can provide more
balanced density which leads to less edge placement error (EPE), while the
conflict and stitch numbers are still very comparable to our
non-balanced-density baseline
Calibration of an interferometric surface measurement system on an ultra-precision turning lathe
On-machine measurement avoids the time-consuming transposition operations between the measurement and machine coordinates. The present work integrates an interferometric probing system on an ultra-precision turning machine. Due to the relatively harsh environment in the machine tools, metrological characteristics of the surface measurement instrument would deviate from those tested under standard laboratory conditions. In order to improve the performance of on-machine measurement systems, it is necessary to calibrate the on-machine measurement (OMM) system and compensate for any systematic errors. Three key issues, including on-machine vibration, machine tool kinematics error, and linearity error are discussed in this study. Experimental investigation is conducted to prove the validity of proposed calibration methodology and the effectiveness of on-machine measurement
Automatic Detection of Orientation Contrast Occurs at Early but Not Earliest Stages of Visual Cortical Processing in Humans
Orientation contrast is formed when some elements orient differently from their surroundings. Although orientation contrast can be processed in the absence of top-down attention, the underlying neural mechanism for this automatic processing in humans is controversial. In particular, whether automatic detection of orientation contrast occurs at the initial feedforward stage in the primary visual cortex (i.e., V1) remains unclear. Here, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the automatic processing of orientation contrast in humans. In three experiments, participants completed a task at fixation while orientation contrasts were presented in the periphery, either in the upper visual field (UVF) or the lower visual field (LVF). All experiments showed significant positive potentials evoked by orientation contrasts over occipital areas within 100 ms after stimulus onset. These contrast effects occurred 10–20 ms later than the C1 components evoked by identically located abrupt onset stimuli which indexes the initial feedforward activity in V1. Compared with those in the UVF, orientation contrasts in the LVF evoked earlier and stronger activities, probably reflecting a LVF advantage in processing of orientation contrast. Even when orientation contrasts were rendered almost invisible by backward masking (in Experiment 2), the early contrast effect in the LVF was not disrupted. These findings imply that automatic processing of orientation contrast could occur at early visual cortical processing stages, but was slightly later than the initial feedforward processing in human V1; such automatic processing may involve either recurrent processing in V1 or feedforward processing in early extrastriate visual cortex.Highlights-We examined the earliest automatic processing of orientation contrast in humans with ERPs.-Significant orientation contrast effect started within 100 ms in early visual areas.-The earliest orientation contrast effect occurred later than the C1 evoked by abrupt onset stimuli.-The earliest orientation contrast effect was independent of top-down attention and awareness.-Automatic detection of orientation contrast arises slightly after the initial feedforward processing in V1
Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Ag Modified Ti-Doped-Bi 2
Ti doped Bi2O3 (TDB) and Ag ion modified Ti doped Bi2O3 (Ag@TDB) photocatalysts were prepared by framework replacement synthesis method with different Ag loadings (0.05, 0.3, 0.75, and 1.0 mol/L AgNO3). The structural properties of the prepared catalysts were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area, and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance (DRS). The XRD spectra of the Ti doped Bi2O3 calcined at 650°C showed the diffraction peaks of a mixture of Bi12TiO20 and Bi4Ti3O12, with bits of mixed crystallite consisting of TiO2 and B2O3. A high blue shift in the range 650–550 nm was detected in the DRS band. This blue shift increased with the decreasing Ag content. The photocatalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated for the degradation of crystal violet (CV) under UV light irradiation. The results indicated that the degradation rate of CV by using 1.0 mol/L AgNO3 doped bismuth titanate composite photocatalyst (1.0 Ag@TDB) was 1.9 times higher than that by using the bare Ti doped Bi2O3 photocatalyst. The higher activity of Ag@TDB is due to the enhancement of electron-hole pair separation by the electron trapping of silver particles
3α-HydrÂoxy-ent-atis-16-en-14-one
The title compound, C20H30O2, is an ent-atisane diterpenoid which was isolated from the roots of Euphorbia kansuensis. The molÂecule contains five six-membered rings, among which three six-membered rings of the bicycloÂ[2.2.2]octane unit adopt boat conformations and two cycloÂhexane rings adopt chair conformations. In the crystal structure, molÂecules are connected by interÂmolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains propagating parallel to [001]
Robust Audio-Codebooks for Large-Scale Event Detection in Consumer Videos
Abstract In this paper we present our audio based system for detecting "events" within consumer videos (e.g. You Tube) and report our experiments on the TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection (MED) task and development data. Codebook or bag-of-words models have been widely used in text, visual and audio domains and form the state-of-the-art in MED tasks. The overall effectiveness of these models on such datasets depends critically on the choice of low-level features, clustering approach, sampling method, codebook size, weighting schemes and choice of classifier. In this work we empirically evaluate several approaches to model expressive and robust audio codebooks for the task of MED while ensuring compactness. First, we introduce the Large Scale Pooling Features (LSPF) and Stacked Cepstral Features for encoding local temporal information in audio codebooks. Second, we discuss several design decisions for generating and representing expressive audio codebooks and show how they scale to large datasets. Third, we apply text based techniques like Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to learn acoustictopics as a means of providing compact representation while maintaining performance. By aggregating these decisions into our model, we obtained 11% relative improvement over our baseline audio systems
- …